Nuclear Energy Mission for Viksit Bharat

Why in news

Parliamentary question regarding the Nuclear Energy Mission (NEM) aimed at achieving 100 GWe nuclear power generation capacity by 2047, supporting Viksit Bharat and net zero emissions by 2070, and developing indigenous Small Modular Reactors (SMRs).

Exam relevance

GS3 · Economy, Science & Technology, Environment & Ecology · Prelims · Mains

Key facts

1. The Nuclear Energy Mission (NEM) aims for 100 GWe nuclear power generation capacity by 2047.
2. NEM supports the vision of Viksit Bharat and the goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2070.
3. The mission aims to develop and operationalise at least five indigenous Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) by 2033.
4. BARC is designing and developing SMRs: 220 MWe BSMR-200, 55 MWe SMR-55, and up to 5 MWth HTGCR for hydrogen production.
5. The SHANTI Act, 2025, enacted by Parliament, focuses on the Nuclear Energy Mission and targets 100 GW by 2047.
6. The SHANTI Act, 2025, allows private participation in the nuclear energy sector.
7. Current nuclear power capacity is 8.78 GW.
8. Capacity is expected to reach about 22 GW by 2031-32.
9. An additional 32 GW is planned beyond 2032 by NPCIL, including indigenous PHWRs and LWRs.

Prelims pointers

• Nuclear Energy Mission (NEM) target: 100 GWe by 2047.
• Net zero carbon emissions target: 2070.
• Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) development target: at least five by 2033.
• SHANTI Act, 2025, enables private participation in nuclear energy.
• BARC's SMRs: BSMR-200, SMR-55, HTGCR.

Mains practice question

Discuss the significance of the Nuclear Energy Mission in India's pursuit of energy security, climate goals, and technological self-reliance. Analyze the potential impact of private sector participation in the nuclear energy sector as facilitated by the SHANTI Act, 2025.

Static linkage

India's nuclear energy program, Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), Public Sector Undertakings like NPCIL, and research institutions like BARC are key components of India's energy security and technological advancement strategy.

Significance

The Nuclear Energy Mission signifies a strategic push towards enhancing India's energy independence, reducing carbon emissions, and fostering technological self-reliance in a critical sector. The inclusion of private participation through the SHANTI Act, 2025, could accelerate development and investment. The focus on SMRs indicates a forward-looking approach to nuclear technology, potentially offering solutions for diverse energy needs and remote applications.