Cotton Production

Why in news

The article provides data on cotton production, acreage, productivity, prices, and government measures to support the textile industry, including import duty exemptions.

Exam relevance

GS3 · Economy, Governance · Prelims · Mains

Key facts

1. Cotton production ranged from 352.48 lakh bales in 2020-21 to 290.91 lakh bales (provisional) in 2025-26.
2. Variation in production is attributed to changes in cotton acreage and farmer diversification to other crops.
3. Cotton productivity remained stable between 428-451 kg/hectare during the period.
4. International cotton prices increased by approximately 19%, and domestic prices (S-6 variety) increased by about 18%.
5. Imports of raw cotton and cotton yarn are undertaken to augment domestic availability.
6. An 11% import duty on cotton imports has been exempted from June 1, 2026, to October 31, 2026.

Prelims pointers

• Cotton is a Kharif crop.
• Cotton production figures for recent seasons are provided.
• Factors affecting cotton production include acreage and diversification.
• Cotton productivity range is given.
• Trends in domestic and international cotton prices are noted.
• Government has exempted import duty on cotton.
• The exemption period for import duty is specified.

Mains practice question

Analyze the factors influencing cotton production in India and discuss the significance of government interventions in ensuring raw material availability for the domestic textile industry.

Static linkage

Cotton is a crucial Kharif crop in India, contributing significantly to the agricultural economy and the textile industry. Its production is influenced by factors like weather, acreage, government policies, and global market dynamics. The textile industry relies heavily on the availability of raw cotton.

Significance

The article highlights the fluctuating nature of cotton production, influenced by farmer choices and market conditions. Stable productivity despite acreage changes suggests efficiency gains or technological adoption. The government's intervention through import duty exemption is a measure to ensure raw material availability for the textile sector, which is a major employment generator. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for agricultural policy and industrial support.